Pathology Services

AFB (Acid Fast Bacilli) Smear Test
AFB smear test is done if you have symptoms, such as a chronic cough, weight loss, fever, chills, and weakness that may be due to tuberculosis.

AFP (Alpha Feto Protein)
AFP is a protein produced by fetal tissue (especially the liver) and by tumors. Increased amounts of AFP are found in the vast majority of patients with a type of liver cancer called hepatocellular carcinoma. They are also found in some patients with cancer of the testes and ovaries.

Alkaline Phosphatase (ALP)
Alkaline phosphatase is principally measured to evaluate diseases of liver or bone. ALP levels vary with age and pregnancy. ALP is elevated in growing children, decrease to an adult level, and then increase slightly in older people. During pregnancy ALP values elevate to two times normal level, rise to three times the normal level during labor and return to normal in three to four weeks.

Allergy Test Panel
Allergy is an abnormal reaction of our body towards certain external substances. Allergy can occur in us due to hereditary factors or our individual body constitution (genetic make-up). Allergies can be fatal if not detected in time. A severe life threatening form of allergy known as anaphylaxis occurs in certain cases of allergy. At Suburban Diagnostics we provide a comprehensive Allergy testing panel of 80 allergens which include Food, Respiratory and Pediatric.

Amylase
Amylase is present in a number of organs and tissues, the greatest concentration being in the pancreas. In acute pancreatitis, amylase increases 5-6 hours after the onset of symptoms and remains elevated for 2-5 days.

Anaemia Profile
CBC ESR Reticulocyte Count LDH Iron Studies Hb Electrophoresis Vit B12 Ferritin Stool Routine

Antinuclear Antibody (ANA)
This test is used to help diagnose systemic lupus erythmatosus (SLE) and drug-induced lupus, but may also be positive in a number of other diseases.

Apolipoproteins A1 & B
Apolipoproteins helps in the detection of premature coronary artery disease (CAD). Just like oil and water, cholesterol, which is fatty, and blood, which is watery, does not mix. In order to be able to travel in the bloodstream, the cholesterol made in the liver is combined with protein, making a lipoprotein. This lipoprotein then carries the cholesterol through the bloodstream. Thus, these tests help you diagnose susceptibility to various cardiac risks.

Arthritis Profile
Alkaline Phosphatase Uric Acid RA ANA Calcium CRP CBC, ESR Urine Routine

Ascitic Fluid Analysis
Ascitic/Peritoneal fluid is a liquid that acts as a lubricant in the abdominal cavity. It is found in small quantities between the layers of the peritoneum. A variety of conditions and diseases can cause inflammation of the peritoneum (peritonitis) and/or excessive accumulation of peritoneal fluid (peritoneal effusion or ascites).

ASO (Anti Streptolysin 'O') Test
The ASO test is primarily ordered to help determine whether a patient has had a recent streptococcal infection. In cases where they do not cause identifiable symptoms and/or go untreated, however, post-streptococcal sequelae, namely rheumatic fever and glomerulonephritis, can develop in some patients, especially young children. The test, therefore, is done if a patient presents with symptoms suggesting either of these conditions.

Bad Obstetric History (BOH) Profile

ANA
dsDNA
TSH
Cardiolipin IgG/IgM
Phospholipid IgG/IgM
Lupus anticoagulant

Bilirubin (Total, Direct & Indirect)

Bilirubin test is conducted to assess liver disorders, most commonly in case of jaundice.

Bleeding Time (BT)/Clotting Time (CT)

The BT test helps identify people who have defects in their platelet function. This is the ability of blood to clot following a wound or trauma. Clotting time is used to assess deficiency of coagulation factors; however it is not very sensitive unless the levels are very low; thus CT has become an obsolete test. The BT and CT tests are sometimes performed as a preoperative test to determine a patient's likely bleeding response during and after surgery.

Blood Culture & Sensitivity

Blood culture test is conducted when you have signs or symptoms of a bacterial infection, such as fever, chills, elevated white blood cell count, and fatigue, which also may be a sign of infection occurring in other parts of the body, such as a urinary tract infection (UTI), pneumonia, diarrhea, or skin infection.

Blood Grouping (ABO Rh)

Blood group test is conducted to assess one's type of group i.e. either A, B, AB or O (which can be either positive or negative). Blood group is a prerequisite for any surgical procedures, blood donation, blood transfusions, pregnancy etc.

Blood Sugar (Glucose) Test

This test is done to determine the level of sugar in the blood. It is advisable to do this test fasting (8-10 hrs) and then post meal (exactly 2 hrs after completion of meal). High blood sugar indicates that you are a diabetic.

Blood Urea Nitrogen (BUN)/Urea

BUN is useful in evaluation of renal disease, and nutritional status. Urea synthesis is dependant on daily protein intake and protein metabolism. BUN and Creatinine tests are normally done together for differential diagnosis of kidney function.

Bone Profile

Alkaline Phosphatase
Phosphorus
Total Proteins
Albumin
Globulin
A:G Ratio
Calcium
Uric Acid

CA 19-9

CA 19-9 is not sensitive or specific enough to be considered useful as a tool for cancer screening.
Its main use is as a tumor marker:
to help differentiate between cancer of the pancreas and bile ducts and other non-cancerous conditions, such as pancreatitis;
to monitor a patient's response to pancreatic cancer treatment;
to watch for pancreatic cancer recurrence.
CA 19-9 can only be used as a marker if the cancer is producing elevated amounts of it; if CA 19-9 is not initially elevated, then it usually cannot be used later as a marker.

CA-125

This test helps to monitor treatment for ovarian cancer, before starting therapy for ovarian cancer or if at high risk for developing ovarian cancer, and at intervals during and after treatment. CA-125 levels may also be high in other types of non-cancerous conditions, including menstruation, pregnancy, and pelvic inflammatory disease.

Calcium

Measurement of calcium is used in the diagnosis and treatment of a variety of bone diseases, parathyroid disease and chronic renal (kidney) disease. Low calcium causes intermittent muscular contractions and spasms, whereas, high calcium muscle weakness along with other complex symptoms.

Cardiac/Heart Profiles

Lipid Profile
Cholesterol
Triglycerides
HDL-Cholesterol
LDL-Cholesterol
VLDL-Cholesterol
Chol/HDL-chol ratio
LDL-chol/HDL-chol Ratio

Extended Lipid Profile
Cholesterol
Triglycerides
HDL-Cholesterol
LDL-Cholesterol
VLDL-Cholesterol
Chol/HDL-chol ratio
LDL-chol/HDL-chol Ratio
Apolipoprotein A1 & B
Lipoprotein (a)

Heart Injury profile
CBC
ESR
FBS or RBS
CPK- Total
CK-MB
LDH
SGOT
SGPT
Sodium
Potassium

Optional Tests
Troponin I
2D Echo

Cardiac Profile 1
Cholesterol
Triglycerides
HDL-Cholesterol
LDL-Cholesterol
VLDL-Cholesterol
Chol/HDL- chol Ratio
LDL-chol/HDL-chol Ratio
Apolipoprotein A1 & B
Lipoprotein (a)
CPK-Total
Homocysteine
High Sensitive CRP

Cardiac Profile 2
Cholesterol
Triglycerides
HDL-Cholesterol
LDL-Cholesterol
VLDL-Cholesterol
Chol/HDL-chol Ratio
LDL-chol/HDL-chol Ratio
Apolipoprotein A1 & B
Lipoprotein (a)
CPK-Total
Homocysteine
High Sensitive CRP
Stress Test/TMT

Cardiac Profile 3
Cholesterol
Triglycerides
HDL-Cholesterol
LDL-Cholesterol
VLDL-Cholesterol
Chol/HDL-chol Ratio
Chol/HDL-chol Ratio
LDL-chol/HDL-chol Ratio
Apolipoprotein A1 & B
Lipoprotein (a)
CPK-Total
Homocysteine
High Sensitive CRP
Stress Test/TMT
2D Echo

CCP-Ab (Cyclic Citrullinated Peptide Antibody)

CCP test along with an RF test helps in the diagnoses of inflammatory arthritis. It may be ordered as a follow-up test to a negative RF test when clinical signs, such as symmetrical joint pain and inflammation, lead the doctor to suspect RA.

CEA (Carcinoembryonic Antigen)

Carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) is a protein that is found in embryonic tissues. By the time a baby is born, detectable levels in the blood disappear. In adults, CEA is normally present at very low levels in blood. When the concentration of CEA is elevated, it may indicate that a cancer is present. However, an increase in CEA may also be due to benign conditions.

Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF)

Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) analysis may be used to help diagnose a wide variety of diseases and conditions affecting the central nervous system (CNS). They may be divided into four main categories:
Infectious diseases such as meningitis and encephalitis-testing is used to determine if the cause is bacterial, tuberculous, fungal or viral, and to distinguish it from other conditions; may also be used to detect infections of or near the spinal cord or to investigate a fever of unknown origin.
Bleeding (hemorrhaging) within the brain or skull.
Diseases that cause inflammation or other immune responses.
Tumors located within the CNS (primary) or metastatic cancer.

Chikungunya IgM

This test is used for the detection of chikungunya disease which is caused by Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) transmitted to humans by virus-carrying Aedes mosquitoes. The incubation period of Chikungunya disease is from two to four days. Symptoms of the disease include a fever up to 40 °C (104 °F), a petechial or maculopapular rash of the trunk and occasionally the limbs, and arthralgia or arthritis affecting multiple joints.
Other nonspecific symptoms can include headache, conjunctival infection, and slight photophobia. Typically, the fever lasts for two days and then ends abruptly. However, other symptoms, namely joint pain, intense headache, insomnia and an extreme degree of prostration last for a variable period; usually for about 5 to 7 days. Patients have complained of joint pains for much longer time periods depending on their age.

Chloride

Chloride is an electrolyte that is significantly involved in maintenance of water distribution and osmotic pressure. Surplus chloride is excreted in the urine and is also lost in the sweat.

Cholesterol

Cholesterol is an important risk factor for development of heart disease. The higher the cholesterol level the greater the risk for developing heart disease, and lowering high cholesterol levels reduces the risk.

Coagulation Profile

CBC
Bleeding Time
Clotting Time
PT/PI
PTT

Complete Blood Count/CBC

The CBC is used as a broad screening test to check for disorders as anemia, infection, and many other diseases. It is actually a panel of tests that examines different parts of the blood and includes the following:
Hemoglobin (Hb)
White Blood Cell Count (WBC)
Red Blood Cell Count (RBC)
Platelet Count
Hematocrit (HCT)/Packed Cell Volume (PCV)
Mean Corpuscular Volume (MCV)
Mean Corpuscular Hemoglobin (MCH)
Mean Corpuscular Hemoglobin Concentration (MCHC)

Conjunctival Smear

Smear collected with the help of a sterile cotton swab from the conjunctiva is used to assess any bacterial infection prior to cataract surgery.

Cortisol

The hormone is secreted in a daily pattern, rising in the early morning, peaking around 8 am, and declining in the evening. This pattern, which is sometimes called the "diurnal variation" or "circadian rhythm," changes if you work irregular shifts (such as the night shift) and sleep at different times of the day. This test is therefore performed between 8 to 10 am and again between 4 to 6 pm. Inadequate amounts of cortisol can cause nonspecific symptoms such as weight loss, muscle weakness, fatigue, low blood pressure, and abdominal pain. Sometimes decreased production combined with a stress can cause an adrenal crisis that requires immediate medical attention.

C-Peptide

C-peptide is useful as a marker of insulin production. C-peptide can be used to help evaluate the production of endogenous insulin (insulin made by the body) and to help differentiate it from exogenous insulin (insulin that is not produced by the body and so does not generate C-peptide).

CMV IgG/IgM

CMV IgM and IgG antibody testing may be used to help diagnose primary CMV infection in young adults, pregnant women, and some immune-compromised patients with flu- or mononucleosis-like symptoms. By comparing the absence or presence of both IgG and IgM in the same sample, the doctor can distinguish between primary, latent, and reactivated CMV in symptomatic patients.

CPK Total & CK-MB

Measurement of CPK is useful in the diagnosis of suspected myocardial infarction (damage to heart muscles) and is a very sensitive indicator of skeletal muscle damage. Both CPK total and CK-MB activity rises in myocardial damage. A CK-MB fraction more than 6% of the total CPK activity is regarded as diagnostic for myocardial infarction. A fraction of less than 6% indicates skeletal muscle damage.

Creatinine

Creatinine production is proportional to muscle mass and varies little from day to day. Measurement of creatinine is used in the diagnosis and treatment of renal (kidney) disease and in monitoring renal dialysis.

CRP (C-Reactive Protein)

CRP measurement is useful in non-specific screening for inflammatory and infectious disorders. It may increase dramatically in inflammatory conditions.

Dengue IgG/IgM

Dengue viruses are transmitted to humans by Stegomyia aegypti (formerly Aedes aegypti) mosquitoes and cause a wide range of symptoms, from unapparent or mild disease (dengue fever) to a severe hemorrhagic form (dengue hemorrhagic fever) Detection of Dengue IgM antibodies helps in the diagnosis of acute dengue infection which is caused by a mosquito bite; however these antibodies can be detected only after 5 days of onset of fever.

Dengue NS-1 Antigen

This test helps in rapid and early detection of dengue disease beginning as NS1 antigen is seen circulating from day one of onset of fever till day 9.

DHEAS (Dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate)

DHEAS is a male sex hormone that is present in the blood of both men and women. Adrenal tumors, cancers, and hyperplasia can lead to the overproduction of DHEAS. While elevated levels may not be noticed in adult men, they can lead to amenorrhea and visible symptoms of virilization. These changes vary in severity and may include:
a deeper voice
hirsutism
male pattern baldness
muscularity
acne
enlargement of the Adam's apple

DHT (Dihydrotestosterone)

DHT is responsible for the development of the male external genitalia and the prostate. It is also primarily responsible for the physical changes that occur during male sexual maturation. Elevated levels may indicate hypergonadism or hirsutism.

Diabetic Profile

CBC, ESR
Blood Sugar- Fasting and PP
Lipid Profile
Microalbuminuria
Creatinine
Glycosylated Hb
Urine Routine

Electrolytes

Electrolytes are electrically charged minerals that are found in body tissues and blood in the form of dissolved salts. They help move nutrients into and wastes out of the body's cells, maintain a healthy water balance, and help stabilize the body's pH level. The electrolyte panel measures the main electrolytes in the body: sodium (Na+), potassium (K+) and chloride (Cl-).

Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate (ESR)

The ESR is an easy, inexpensive, nonspecific test that has been used for many years to help diagnose conditions associated with inflammation, including infections, cancers, and autoimmune diseases.

Estradiol/Estrogen (E2)

Measurement of estrogen levels is essential in case of a woman who has unexplained abnormal menstrual cycles, abnormal or heavy bleeding, infertility, symptoms of menopause, or any other hormonal alterations; also used to test for fetal-placental status during early stages of pregnancy; the presence of female-like characteristics in males may require estrogen measurement as well.

Estriol (E3)

This test provides an objective assessment of placental function and fetal normality in high-risk pregnancies. Estriol is the major estrogen in the pregnant female.

Ferritin

The ferritin test is done to see how much iron your body has stored for future use. The test is done, usually with an Iron studies test, to learn about iron levels in your blood. Ferritin is the best test for iron deficiency and a very good test for iron overload.

Fever Profile

CBC
ESR
MP
Widal
SGPT
Urine Routine

Folic Acid/Folate

Folic acid levels help diagnose the cause of anemia or neuropathy (nerve damage), to evaluate nutritional status in some patients, to monitor effectiveness of treatment for B12 or folate deficiency.

FSH (Follicle Stimulating Hormone)

FSH is often used in conjunction with other tests (LH, testosterone, estradiol, and progesterone) in the workup of infertility in both men and women. FSH levels are used to help determine the reason a man has a low sperm count. FSH levels are also useful in the investigation of menstrual irregularities and to aid in the diagnosis of pituitary disorders or diseases involving the ovaries or testes. In children, FSH and LH are used to diagnose delayed or precocious (early) puberty.

Free PSA

Free PSA to Total PSA ratio helps in differentiating prostate cancer from benign hypertrophy.

Free T3/FT3 (Free Triiodothyronine)

A FT3 test helps to determine whether the thyroid is functioning properly. It is ordered primarily to help diagnose hyperthyroidism and may be ordered to help monitor the progress of a patient with a known thyroid disorder.

Free T4/FT4 (Free Thyroxine)

FT4 helps evaluate thyroid gland function; also to help diagnose hypothyroidism or hyperthyroidism and to screen for hypothyroidism in newborn.

G6PD (Glucose-6-Phosphate Dehydrogenase)

The goal of G6PD activity testing is to detect a G6PD deficiency and to determine its potential severity. G6PD activity testing may be done on children who had persistent jaundice as a newborn that was not due to another identified cause.

GGT (Gamma Glutamyl Transferase)

Estimation of GGT is most often used to differentiate the source of an elevated serum alkaline phosphatase, e.g., liver or bone; GGT is not present in bone. Another common use is in the evaluation of alcohol abuse.

Glycosylated Hb (HbA1c)

Estimation of glycosylated Hb reflects the mean glucose and control level of the previous 2 to 3 months. HbA1c measurement determines whether the patient's diabetes is well controlled; this monitoring will allow assessment of therapeutic efficacy.

Glucose Tolerance Test (GTT/GTC)

A glucose tolerance test is the administration of glucose to determine how quickly it is cleared from the blood. The test is usually used to test for diabetes, insulin resistance, and sometimes reactive hypoglycemia.

Grams Stain

To identify the presence of bacteria in a patient's specimen from the infected site so that appropriate treatment can be given.

HAV IgM (Hepatitis 'A' Virus IgM Antibody)

IgM antibodies to HAV are used in a patient with evidence of acute hepatitis, such as jaundice, dark urine, pale colored stools, fever, and loss of appetite.

HBeAg

Hepatitis B e-antigen (HBeAg) is a viral protein associated with HBV infections. Measurement of e-antigen may also be used to monitor the effectiveness of HBV treatment; successful treatment will usually eliminate HBeAg from the blood and lead to development of antibodies against e-antigen (anti-HBe).

Hb Electrophoresis

Hb Electrophoresis helps in detection of hemoglobin variants which is useful in following cases:
Screen for common hemoglobin variants in newborns.
Prenatal screening is also done in some areas on high-risk mothers.
Screening may also be done in conjunction with genetic counseling prior to pregnancy to determine possible carrier status of parents.
Identify variants in asymptomatic parents with an affected child.
Identify hemoglobin variants in those with symptoms of unexplained anemia, microcytosis, and/or hypochromasia. It may also be ordered as part of an anemia investigation.

HBsAg (Hepatitis 'B' Surface Antigen)

In a patient with acute hepatitis, HBsAg is usually ordered to detect recent infection by hepatitis B virus (HBV). In persons with chronic hepatitis, or with elevated SGOT or SGPT, HBsAg is usually done to see if the liver damage is due to HBV.

HCV Antibodies (Hepatitis 'C' Virus Antibodies)

This test is done to determine if you have contracted the hepatitis C virus (HCV) and to monitor treatment of the infection.

HCG (Human chorionic gonadotropin)

HCG testing is routinely used to confirm pregnancy. Quantitative (reported as a specific number) HCG testing (also frequently called beta HCG), measures the actual amount of HCG present in the blood. It may be used to help diagnose an ectopic pregnancy, to help diagnose and monitor a pregnancy that may be failing, and or to monitor a woman after a miscarriage.

HDL Cholesterol

HDL cholesterol is known as "good" cholesterol because a high HDL level seems to protect against heart attack. The opposite is also true: a low HDL level (less than 40 mg/dL in men; less than 50 mg/dL in women) indicates a greater risk. A low HDL cholesterol level also may raise stroke risk. Reduced HDL cholesterol levels can be due to smoking, obesity, lack of exercise, increased triglycerides or due to genetic factors.

Hemoglobin (Hb)

The Hb test is an integral part of your health evaluation, it is used to
measure the severity of anemia (too few red blood cells) or polycythemia (too many red blood cells).
monitor the response to treatment of anemia or polycythemias, and help make decisions about blood transfusions if the anemia is severe.

HEV IgM (Hepatitis 'E' Virus IgM Antibody)

IgM antibodies to HEV are used in a patient with evidence of acute hepatitis, such as jaundice, dark urine, pale colored stools, fever, and loss of appetite.

High Sensitive CRP (Hs-CRP)

Hs-CRP is most often used to help predict a healthy person's risk of cardiovascular disease. People who have Hs-CRP results in the high end of the reference range have 1.5 to 4 times the risk of having a heart attack as those with Hs-CRP values at the low end of the reference range.

Hirsutism Profile

FBS
PPBS
CBC
Insulin-F/PP
Cortisol
LH
FSH
Prolactin
Testosterone
DHEAS
USG-Pelvis

HIV Duo

HIV (human immunodeficiency virus) is the virus that causes AIDS (acquired immunodeficiency syndrome). HIV Duo test detects HIV antibodies and P24 antigen which indicates if you are infected with Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV).

Homocysteine

Homocysteine is commonly used as a screen for people at high risk for heart attack or stroke. It is also used to determine if you are folate-deficient or B12-deficient. The homocysteine concentration may be elevated in patients before B12 and folate tests are abnormal.

HSV 1+2 IgG/IgM

Antibodies to HSV are specific proteins that the body creates and releases into the bloodstream to fight the infection. HSV IgM antibody production begins several days after a primary (initial) HSV infection and may be detectable in the blood for several weeks. HSV IgG antibody production begins after HSV IgM production. Concentrations rise for several weeks, fall, and then stabilize in the blood. Once someone has been infected with HSV, they will continue to produce small quantities of HSV IgG.

Hypertension Profile

FBS
BUN
Creatinine
Uric Acid
Sodium
Potassium
Chloride
Cholesterol
Triglycerides
HDL-Cholesterol
LDL-Cholesterol
VLDL-Cholesterol
Chol/HDL-chol Ratio
LDL-chol/HDL-chol Ratio
Urine Routine
Optional Tests:
Apolipoprotein A1 & B
Lipoprotein (a)
Homocysteine
High Sensitive CRP
2D Echo
Stress test/TMT

IgE

IgE antibody test is done to screen for an allergy to a specific substance or substances when a patient presents with acute or chronic allergy-like symptoms. The IgE antibody test may also be done when the patient has significant dermatitis or eczema (also a sign of allergies), is taking necessary histamines or anti-depressants.

Insulin

Estimation of insulin helps to evaluate insulin production, diagnose an insulinoma (insulin-producing pancreatic islet cell tumor), and to help determine the cause of hypoglycemia.

Iron Studies

Iron status is evaluated by the following tests that are done under iron studies:

Serum iron - measures the level of iron in the liquid part of your blood. Total Iron Binding Capacity (TIBC) - measures the amount of iron that can be carried through blood by transferrin. Transferrin is the protein that transports iron from the gut to the cells that use it. Your body makes transferrin in relationship to your need for iron; when iron stores are low, transferrin levels increase and vice versa. In healthy people, about one-third of the binding sites on transferrin are used to transport iron. This number is called the transferrin saturation.

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Kidney Function Tests

BUN
Creatinine
Total Proteins
Albumin
Globulin
A : G ratio
Uric Acid
Calcium
Phosphorus
Sodium
Potassium
Chloride
Urine Routine

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Lactate Dehydrogenase (LDH)

LDH is often used as a marker of tissue breakdown. As LDH is abundant in red blood cells it can function as a marker for hemolysis. It can also be used as a marker of myocardial infarction. Following a myocardial infarction, levels of LDH peak at 3-4 days and remain elevated for up to 10 days. In this way, elevated levels of LDH can be useful for determining if a patient has had a myocardial infarction if they come to doctors several days after an episode of chest pain.

LDL Cholesterol

Low-density lipoprotein is the major cholesterol carrier in the blood. If too much LDL cholesterol circulates in the blood, it can slowly build up in the walls of the arteries feeding the heart and brain. A high level of LDL cholesterol (160 mg/dL and above) reflects an increased risk of heart disease. If you have heart disease, your LDL cholesterol should be less than 100 mg/dL. That's why LDL cholesterol is called "bad" cholesterol. Lower levels of LDL cholesterol reflect a lower risk of heart disease.

LH (Luteinizing hormone)

LH is often used in conjunction with other tests (FSH, testosterone, estradiol and progesterone) in the workup of infertility in both men and women. LH levels are also useful in the investigation of menstrual irregularities and to aid in the diagnosis of pituitary disorders or diseases involving the ovaries or testes.

Lipase

Lipase is an enzyme necessary for the absorption and digestion of nutrients in the intestines. Lipase is primarily produced in the pancreas, thus helps to diagnose and monitor pancreatitis or other pancreatic diseases. Lipase test is conducted when one has symptoms of a pancreatic disorder, such as severe abdominal pain, fever, loss of appetite, or nausea.

Lipid Profile

Cholesterol
Triglycerides
HDL-Cholesterol
LDL-Cholesterol
VLDL-Cholesterol
Chol/HDL-chol Ratio
LDL-chol/HDL-chol Ratio
Lipoprotein (a) [Lp (a)]
High Lp(a) in blood is a risk factor for coronary heart disease (CHD) and stroke. Lp(a) is an independent risk factor not dependent on LDL.

Lithium

Lithium concentration in the blood is determined in order to maintain a therapeutic level or to detect lithium toxicity.

Liver Function Tests

Bilirubin Total
Bilirubin Direct
Bilirubin Indirect
Total Proteins
Albumin
Globulin
A:G Ratio
Alkaline Phosphatase
SGOT
SGPT
GGTP

Malaria Antigen Test (MP Ag)

MP Ag test is a rapid test for detection of live parasites in blood. A repeat test becomes negative generally within 2-4 days following the beginning of successful treatment. This test is suitable to verify the effectiveness of therapy, underlying possible resistant strains of Plasmodium spps.

Malarial Parasite (MP)

MP test is done to rule out malarial infection (Plasmodium vivax or Plasmodium falciparum)

Mantoux Test (MT) or Tuberculin Skin Test

MT helps determine whether or not you may have been exposed to and become infected with tuberculosis bacteria. The TB skin test is also used sometimes as part of a routine examination prior to starting school or a new job. Since mothers can pass TB to their unborn children, pregnant women are sometimes screened.

An injection given on the forearm for this test may develop a reaction which is read between 48-72 hrs.

Microalbuminuria (Micral)
Although not detected by routine urine test, diabetic patients may be passing albumin in urine for months or years, before it reaches a level that can be detected by conventional methods. Therefore detecting microalbuminuria at an early stage means saving the kidneys from irreversible damage, which can be caused due to uncontrolled diabetes. A first morning urine sample before exercise or walk is essential for micral test.

NT-Pro BNP

Either BNP or NT-proBNP may be used to help diagnose heart failure and to grade the severity of heart failure. BNP and NT-proBNP levels can also help doctors differentiate between heart failure and other problems, such as lung disease.

Obesity Profile

CBC
BS-F/PP
Insulin-F/PP
Cholesterol
Triglycerides
HDL-Chol
LDL-Chol
VLDL-Chol
Chol/HDL Ratio
LDL/HDL Ratio
Uric Acid
SGPT
Creatinine
Total Proteins
Albumin
Globulin
A:G Ratio
FT3
FT4
TSH
Urine Routine

Partial Thromboplastin Time (PTT)

The PTT test is used along with the PT (Prothrombin Time) test when someone has unexplained bleeding or clotting. It is often used with recurrent miscarriages that often are associated with anticardiolipin and phospholipid antibodies. The PTT and PT tests are also sometimes used as pre-surgical screens.

PCOD Profile

BS- F/PP
Insulin- F/PP
LH
FSH
Prolactin
Testosterone

Phosphorus

The serum phosphorus test measures the amount of phosphate in your blood. Phosphorus testing is very important in people who are malnourished or who are being treated for ketoacidosis. Testing also can help to diagnose disorders that affect the kidneys.

Platelet Count

A platelet count is often requested as a standard part of a complete blood count, when a patient has unexplained bruises or takes what appears to be an unusually long time to stop bleeding from a small cut or wound. Bleeding disorders or other bone marrow diseases, such as leukemia, require the determination of the number of platelets present and/or their ability to function correctly.

Pleural Fluid

Pleural fluid analysis is used to help diagnose the cause of inflammation of the pleura (pleuritis) and/or accumulation of fluid in the pleural space (pleural effusion). There are two main reasons for fluid accumulation, and an initial set of tests (albumin, cell count and appearance of the fluid) is used to differentiate between the two types of fluid that may be produced i.e. transudates or exudates.

Potassium (K+)

This test is done to determine whether your potassium concentration is within normal limits and to help evaluate an electrolyte imbalance; to monitor chronic or acute hyperkalemia (high potassium) or hypokalemia (low potassium).

Prenatal Profile

CBC
FBS/RBS
BUN
Blood Group
VDRL
HIV
HBsAg
Urine Routine

Progesterone

Since progesterone levels vary predictably throughout the menstrual cycle, multiple (serial) measurements can be used to help recognize and manage some causes of infertility. Progesterone can be measured to determine whether or not a woman has ovulated, to determine when ovulation occurred, and to monitor the success of induced ovulation.

Prolactin

Prolactin test is conducted when you have symptoms of elevated prolactin, such as galactorrhea (milk production not during pregnancy) and/or visual disturbances and headaches; as part of a workup for female and male infertility; for follow-up of low testosterone in men.

Protein Electrophoresis

Protein electrophoresis test helps diagnose and monitor multiple myeloma and a variety of other conditions that affect protein absorption, production, and loss as seen in severe organ disease and altered nutritional states.

Prothrombin Time (PT)

A PT test is to check how well blood-thinning medications (anti-coagulants) are working to prevent blood clots; to help detect and diagnose a bleeding disorder.

PSA (Prostate Specific Antigen)

PSA test helps to screen asymptomatic and symptomatic men for prostate cancer, to help determine the necessity for a biopsy of the prostate, to monitor the effectiveness of treatment for prostate cancer, and to detect recurrence of prostate cancer.

PTH (Parathyroid Hormone)

PTH test is used to determine whether PTH levels are responding normally to changes in blood calcium levels; to distinguish the cause of calcium imbalances; to evaluate parathyroid function; during surgery for hyperparathyroidism, to confirm removal of the gland(s) causing the problem.

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Reticulocyte Count

To help evaluate the bone marrow's ability to produce red blood cells (RBCs) and to help distinguish between anemias related to blood loss or destruction and anemia related to decreased RBC production.

Rh Antibody Titre

During pregnancy, this test is used to screen for antibodies that might cross the placenta and attack the baby's red cells, causing hemolytic disease of the newborn. The most serious cause is antibody in a blood group system called the Rh system. An Rh negative mother will have this test performed early in her pregnancy, at 28 weeks, and again at the time of delivery.

Rheumatoid Factor (RF/RA) Test

The rheumatoid factor (RF) test is primarily used to help diagnose rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and to distinguish it from other forms of arthritis and other conditions that cause similar symptoms of joint pain, inflammation, and stiffness.

Rubella IgG/IgM

This test measures the presence of rubella antibodies in the blood. There are two types of rubella antibodies: IgM and IgG. The first type to appear in the blood after exposure is the IgM rubella antibody. The level of this protein in the blood rises and peaks within about 7 to 10 days after infection and then tapers off over the next few weeks, except in an infected newborn, where it may be detected for several months to a year. The IgG rubella antibody takes a bit longer to appear than the IgM, but once it does, it stays in the bloodstream for life, providing protection against re-infection. The presence of IgM rubella antibodies in the blood can indicate a recent infection while the presence of IgG antibodies may indicate a recent or past rubella infection or that a rubella vaccine (a measles, mumps, rubella vaccine) has been given and is providing adequate protection.

Semen Analysis

A semen analysis is used to determine whether a man might be infertile-unable to get a woman pregnant. The semen analysis has many parts and tests a lot of aspects of the semen and sperm.A man should abstain from ejaculating for three to four days before the sample is collected for testing. Sperms are very temperature-sensitive; If collection is done at home, the sample should be kept at room temperature (22-24°C) at all times and submitted to the laboratory within 10 minutes. Never refrigerate the sample.

SGOT/AST (Serum glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase)

Testing for SGOT is usually used to detect liver damage and heart or muscle injury. It is used to evaluate a patient who seems to have symptoms of a liver disorder. Some of these symptoms include jaundice (yellowing of the eyes and skin), dark urine, nausea, vomiting, abdominal swelling, unusual weight gain, and abdominal pain.

SGPT/ALT (Serum glutamic-pyruvic transaminase)

SGPT test is used to evaluate a patient who has symptoms of a liver disorder. Some of these symptoms include jaundice, dark urine, nausea, vomiting, abdominal swelling, unusual weight gain, and abdominal pain. SGPT is often used to monitor the treatment of persons who have liver disease or persons who take drugs that might occasionally damage the liver, to see if the treatment is working.

SMA-12

Cholesterol
Creatinine
Phosphorous
Calcium
SGOT

SGPT
Total Proteins
Albumin/Globulin/A:G Ratio
Bilirubin Total
Bilirubin Direct

Bilirubin Indirect
Alkaline Phosphatase
Uric Acid
LDH

SMS - 12 + 2

FBS
BUN
Cholesterol
Creatinine
Phosphorous
Calcium

SGOT
SGPT
Total Proteins
Albumin
Globulin
A:G Ratio

Bilirubin Total
Bilirubin Direct
Bilirubin Indirect
Alkaline Phosphatase
Uric Acid
LDH

Sodium (Na+)

This test is done to determine whether your sodium concentration is within normal limits and to help evaluate electrolyte balance and kidney function; to monitor chronic or acute hyper- or hyponatremia (high or low sodium levels).

Stool Routine Test

Routine examination of stool is carried out in case of diarrhea, dysentery and parasitic infections.
Occult Blood Test (OBT)- done as a part if routine stool examination is used to screen for gastrointestinal bleeding, which may be an indicator of colon cancer. A secondary use of OBT is to look for a cause of anemia, such as might be caused by a bleeding ulcer. If you have symptoms of anemia, such as fatigue or a low hemoglobin and hematocrit, and/or bloody or dark stools.

Synovial Fluid

Synovial fluid is a viscous liquid that acts as a lubricant for the major joints of the body. Synovial fluid analysis consists of a group of tests that detect changes in synovial fluid that may indicate the presence of diseases that affect joint structure and function.

Testosterone

If testosterone level is abnormal, it may help to explain difficulty getting an erection (erectile dysfunction), inability of your partner to get pregnant (infertility), or premature or delayed puberty if you are male, or the appearance of masculine physical features if you are female.

Total Body Profile

CBC, ESR
BS-F/PP
Cholesterol
Triglycerides
HDL-Chol
LDL-Chol
VLDL-Chol
Chol/HDL Ratio
LDL/HDL Ratio
Bilirubin Total
Bilirubin Direct
Bilirubin Indirect
Total Proteins
Albumin/Globulin/A:G Ratio
Alkaline Phosphatase
SGOT
SGPT
GGTP
BUN
Creatinine
Uric Acid
Calcium
Phosphorous
Sodium
Potassium
Chloride
Urine Routine
Stool Routine

Total Proteins

Total protein measurements can reflect nutritional status, such as when you have undergone a recent weight loss, kidney disease, liver disease, and many other conditions. It is reported along with the calculated ratio of albumin to globulins, termed the A/G ratio.

Toxoplasma IgG/IgM

Toxoplasmosis is a parasitic infection which is acquired by ingesting the parasite when handling the excrement of infected cats, drinking unpasteurized goat's milk, and, most commonly, by eating contaminated meat. It can also be passed from mother to baby through the placenta during pregnancy. Presence of IgG antibodies is suggestive of past infection and IgM antibodies are indicative of current infection.

Triglycerides

Blood tests for triglycerides are usually part of a lipid profile used to identify the risk of developing heart disease. If you are diabetic, it is especially important to have triglycerides measured as part of any lipid testing since triglycerides increase significantly when blood sugar is out of control.

Triple Marker First Trimester

The first trimester screen is a combination of two blood tests such as PAPP and free HCG and a special ultrasound that are used to screen pregnant women in the first trimester of pregnancy. Each test measures a different factor that is altered in a fetus that has chromosomal abnormalities such as Down syndrome or trisomy 18.

Triple Marker Second Trimester

The triple screen is a group of three tests that are used to screen pregnant women in the second trimester of pregnancy. Each test that is performed measures a different substance found in the blood: AFP, HCG and unconjugated estriol (E3). Triple marker second trimester is carried out to assess the risk of carrying a fetus with abnormalities, such as Down syndrome, trisomy 18 (Edward's syndrome), and open neural tube defects.

Troponin I

The troponin test is used to help diagnose a heart attack, to detect and evaluate mild to severe heart injury, and to distinguish chest pain that may be due to other causes. In patients who experience heart-related chest pain, discomfort, or other symptoms and do not seek medical attention for a day or more, the troponin test will still be positive if the symptoms are due to heart damage.

TSH (Thyroid-stimulating hormone)

TSH estimation is used to screen for and help diagnose thyroid disorders; to monitor treatment of hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism.

Uric Acid

This test is done to detect high levels of uric acid, which could be a sign of the condition gout, to monitor uric acid levels when undergoing chemotherapy or radiation treatment or impaired kidney function that results in decreased ability to excrete uric acid.

Urine Culture & Sensitivity

A urine culture may be ordered when symptoms indicate the possibility of a urinary tract infection, such as pain and burning when urinating and frequent urge to urinate. Antibiotic therapy is prescribed based on the sensitivity report.

Urine Pregnancy Test (UPT)

UPT is a qualitative urine test which detects pregnancy and should be done after 48-72 hours of missed periods.

Urine Routine Test

Urine test is normally done during a routine check up or when you have symptoms of a urinary tract infection, such as abdominal pain, back pain, frequent or painful urination, or blood in the urine; as part of a pregnancy checkup, a hospital admission, or a pre-surgical work-up.

VDRL

The test is used to diagnose infection with syphilis in sexually active persons. Pregnant women also are screened to prevent the spread to the fetus.

Vitamin B12/Cobalamin

Vitamin B12 estimation helps diagnose the cause of anemia or neuropathy (nerve damage), to evaluate nutritional status in some patients, to monitor effectiveness of treatment for B12 or folate deficiency.

Vitamin D3

Vitamin D3 is vital for the growth and health of bone; without it, bones will be soft, malformed, and unable to repair themselves normally, resulting in diseases called rickets in children and osteomalacia in adults. Estimation of Vit D3 also helps to determine if you have a vitamin D3 deficiency; to determine if your vitamin D3 supplementation level is appropriate, if you are receiving vitamin D3 therapy. The main role of Vitamin D3 is to help regulate the absorption of calcium, phosphorus, and (to a lesser extent) magnesium.

White Blood Cell Count (WBC)

The WBC count is used to suggest the presence of an infection or leukemia. It is also used to help monitor the body's response to various treatments and to monitor bone marrow function.

Widal

Widal test is done to rule out typhoid, ideally after 6 days of fever. A blood culture test may be done in case of a negative finding for confirmation.

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